Exhaust smoke on acceleration, what could it be?

Use WD-40 instead of starting fluid. Much less explosion, and it will give the cylinder lubrication at the same time. You can break a ring or score a cylinder uning too much either.

 

You sure didn't do it any favors with a whole can of starting fluid.

 

I still use starting fluid to clean parts and get grease out of my clothes. In fact, I used half a can Saturday cleaning greasy parts. The smell was the same as usual. It's much different from WD-40.

 

Based on your description of the symptoms and things that you have already checked out, I would have to say the turbo seals are beginning to leak a little oil... Could be other things, but you can quickly check the intake side by removing the pressurized air tube from the turbo housing, look inside and see if there is any oily residue inside of the turbo compressor housing and tube leading to the Charge Air Cooler. The exhaust side can also be checked out in the same manner, however it is always more difficult to discern if there is oil in the exhaust because of the soot that is coating the exhaust pipes, especially if there is only a small amount of oil that is leaking.

 

For the compressor wheel leaking to cause a problem it would have to nearly fill the CAC.
The Turbine could be the problem as could the Valve guides. Cummins makes a great oil dye Part#3376891. Add it to the oil it will not hurt anything and does not have to be drained out. Add the dye to the oil, when the engine is heated up, idle it for 10 minutes, and look into the Exhaust housing, they say use a black light, it is not necessary with a normal flashlight it will glow if it does not glow it is fuel slobber. If it glows, remove the turbo if the exhaust manifold glows the problem is farther up the line. Remove the exhaust manifold, you can look into the port and see if it is coming down the valve or past the exhaust valve. If it is coming past the exhaust valve it could be a broken oil control ring.
Injectors with 70 lbs fuel pressure do not leak fuel into a cylinder, when there is a thousand pounds plus of combustion pressure.

 

That was my first thought too!