Question on learner’s permit from a different state?

Your commercial driver license (CDL) must be issued by the state you reside in. He can use his TN learner permit to complete the skills and road test portion in some other states (not Virginia) but his CDL would be issued by Tennessee upon completion of the training and testing. Eventually all states will allow skills testing on out-of-state permits.

Once he has his CDL he can move anywhere and transfer his CDL to any state except Illinois without retaking the tests (except haz-mat). IL requires anyone moving into their state to start over as if they never had a CDL and Federal rules require retesting and updated background check to keep a hazardous materials endorsement.

Virginia will allow him to exchange his learner permit for a Virginia permit but he will have to retake the knowledge tests and show proof of residency in VA.
Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles