Shifting when turning, after braking kinda hard and well going up and down grades?

You should be in the right gear and speed before commencing your turn. Otherwise it means you are attacking it too quick. Plus you want to use two hands turning the wheel which you can't do if you have to shift.

Braking hard all depends on the situation. You should be reading traffic so not to, but of course by actions of others, sometimes you can't help it. If you can get a quick shift in to assist in slowing, go for it. But if you aren't good at downshifting yet, concentrate on getting slowed down. That might mean braking and clutching. Sounds like you are getting overly excited. Try to remain calm and in control of the situation. Allow yourself more room. Practice makes perfect.

Hills? That comes with knowing your truck and weight. Downshifting only as needed. Some engines like the ISX will come alive at 1200 rpms and hold it. You are better off using max torque than downshifting and racing the engine at 1600 or such. Of course if it keeps dropping down to 1000, then you want to grab a gear.

Down grade? Again, depends on the grade. Steep grades you want to be at the right speed and gear before going down. Last thing you want to do is decide you need to downshift while your truck is wanting to gain speed. You just went from positive control to negative control then. Plus you have to over tach probably to find the gear. You can't find the gear, you totally lost it.
It's better to be going too slow, than too fast. You can always upshift one if you see it's safe and you can go a little faster. Smaller downgrades, you have a little more options. But like the say, you can get down a hill a thousand times too slow, but you'll only go down once too fast.

 

Are you double clucthing or floating the downshift? Like Condo said you want to slow down and be in the gear you want to be in before you get to the turn so that you can be more focused on safely making the turn and not worrying about if you're in the correct gear. The way I do it is that I start about a half mile before the turn so I can drop gears esaier and not have to relay just on the brakes to slow me down. Also does your have a Jake brake? If it does it will pull the rpms down faster and you can change gears easier it will also slow the entire truck down. When making turns I also agree with Condo with you have to know your truck to see whats the best gear to take the turn in. If you have a ten speed you can always use the shift off the 5's rule when coming to a turn. Say the turn is rated at 25 mph to be safe I would slow the truck to around 25 so that I could downshift to 7th gear (2+5=7) and make the turn safely and know that I still have the rpms to continue going without lugging the engine. I hope this helps you out but I float gears so if you double clutch this may not work

 

Also a rule of thumb is what every gear u climb a hill in with thats the gear you want to b in going down.

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I think he might mean shifting when leaving a stop at an intersection. Often not shifting "while turning" is very IMpractical, if not see below. Bottom line is, assuming your transmission does not have "issues", you should become proficient enough to upshift and downshift in any situation (up hill, down hill, turn, sweeping turn, etc). If you're driving to avoid certain shifting scenarios you are not proficient at, you're going to have problems. With experience you will know when you can/should float the shift and when you can/should double-clutch the shift with your particular tractor.

But like when hitting a loop-turn off-ramp, you should learn to know what gear you want to do the turn in, hit that gear before the turn begins, and remain in that gear so long as your inside the same turn radius ... especially if road condition is wet/icy.